Anarchism and Anarchist Terrorism

Anarchism was a late 19th-century idea among a number of Europeans, Russians, and Americans that all government should be abolished, and that voluntary cooperation, rather than force, should be societys organizing principle. The word itself comes from a Greek word, anarkos, which means without a chief. The movement had its origins in the search for a way to give industrial working classes a political voice in their societies. By the turn of the 20th century, anarchism was already on the wane, to be replaced by other movements encouraging the rights of dispossessed classes and revolution. Propaganda of the Deed A number of late 19th century thinkers argued that actions, rather than words, were the best way to spread ideas. The concept was adopted by anarchists. For some, it referred to communal violence, while for  others it referenced assassinations and bombings carried out by anarchists. Anarchist Terrorism The late 19th century saw a wave of political violence inspired by anarchist ideas which were subsequently  labeled anarchist terrorism: 1881: the assassination of Russian Tsar Alexander II, by the group Narodnaya Volya1894: the assassination of the French president Marie-Francois Sadi Carnot1894: Bombing of Greenwich Observatory in London1901: the assassination of American president William McKinley in September 1901, by an anarchist, Leon Czolgosz. These assassinations led to fear among governments that there existed a vast international conspiracy of anarchist terrorists. In fact, there never was one. Anarchists Today: No Connection to Religious Terrorism or War on Terror Anarchists themselves argue that they should not be considered terrorists, or associated with terrorism. Their claims are reasonable: for one thing, most anarchists  actually oppose the use of violence to achieve political aims, and for another, violence by anarchists was historically directed at political figures, not civilians, as terrorism is. On a different note, Rick Coolsaet suggests  there is an analogy to be made between the past and the present. Muslims are often regarded now with the same mixture of fear and contempt as workers were in the 19th century. And the jihadi terrorist has the same feelings about America as his anarchist predecessor had about the bourgeoisie: he sees it as the epitome of arrogance and power. Osama bin Laden is a 21st century Ravachol, a living symbol of hatred and resistance for his followers, a bogeyman for the police and intelligence services. Today’s jihadis resemble yesterday’s anarchists: in reality, a myriad of tiny groups; in their own eyes, a vanguard rallying the oppressed masses (5). Saudi Arabia has now taken the role of Italy while 11 September 2001 is the modern version of 24 June 1894, a wake-up call to the international community.The reasons for the rise of terrorism now and anarchism then are the same. Muslims worldwide are united by a sense of unease and crisis. The Arab world seems to be more bitter, more cynical and less creative than it was in the 1980s. There is a growing sense of solidarity with other Muslims, a feeling that Islam itself is in danger. This is fertile ground for a fanatical minority.

The Pursuit Of Happiness - 2173 Words

The Pursuit of Happiness A true basis of what it means to be an American can be thoroughly argued on the grounds of what constitutes an American, is an American born or is an American made. The collective identity of the American populace is the shared characteristics, the same drive, which ultimately results in oneness. The unique American cultural identity is the shared revolutionary nature, which drives Americans toward progressive social changes in the pursuit of personal happiness. The original thirteen colonies faced a rather odd situation in their nascent years. Far enough away from Britain to not completely live under their control, the colonies began to form a new way of defining themselves. Rather than simply being British colonies they wanted to act as a sovereign nation in their own right. Fearful of the colonies gaining too much power the British government implemented a set of Acts, such as the Intolerable Act and Tea Stamp Act, with the intention of them limiting the c olonies freedom and smothering any chance of rebellion. However, the colonist took this as an act of oppression instead and rose above it in order to regain their personal freedoms. They felt that their society had plateaued into mediocrity under the rule of King George as they didn’t have protected rights (The American Pageant, 126-133). In the hopes of ridding the colonies of the British rule war broke out, the crude colonist soldiers fighting against the well-polished British army,Show MoreRelatedThe Pursuit of Happiness760 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pursuit of Happiness Andrew Roberts PSY/220 June 9, 2013 The Pursuit of Happiness The Pursuit of Happiness for one person is different for that of another person. The same goes for those of different cultures. 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Implementing Diversity in the Classroom Free Essays

string(126) " parents highlighting who I am, my experience, what I am expecting from their child, and how they may get in contact with me\." ? Running Header: Culturally Inclusive Classroom Final Reflection on Personal Growth and My Plan for a Culturally Inclusive Classroom Anna Novak July 27, 2009 EDUC 5173. 01 Dr. Gina Anderson Texas Woman’s University Final Reflection on Personal Growth and My Plan for a Culturally Inclusive Classroom When I first began this semester I thought I had a clear definition of what diversity was and what areas it encompassed. We will write a custom essay sample on Implementing Diversity in the Classroom or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believed that the term diversity corresponded with issues of race, religion and ethnicity. However, the discussion board assignments and the detailed chapter readings assigned throughout the semester soon broadened my understanding and notion of exactly what encompasses the term diversity. The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies. It is the exploration of these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing environment. It is about understanding each other and moving beyond simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual. This is one of the fundamental concepts I learned from participating in this course. When I first began my journey in this class I had no idea the impact it would have on me and shaping my philosophy as a teacher. I initially considered this a â€Å"breeze† through course, believing that I had a firm understanding of diversity, and how to address it within the classroom. However, I soon learned that there was much I did not know about the levels of diversity, and how hard it would be to create an effective and practical diversity rich classroom. When I began this course and realized that several of my classmates were actual teachers or had some form of teaching experience, I immediately felt as though I was at a sort of disadvantage. I have personally never conducted a classroom, and have no practical experience. However, I soon realized that what I lacked in practical experience, I made up for with personal life experiences. I learned that being a child of military parents and the different locations I had lived throughout my life had given me a unique ability to see view points and issues from completely different perspectives. In fact, I think having never taught a class before presented its own advantages. One of the major ones was that I had the ability to process and assess all of the various ideas and theories that were discussed in depth in this course and apply them to my ever growing â€Å"teaching philosophy. I feel that this course, more so than any of my practical based courses, has allowed me to not only grow professionally, but as an individual as well. I am a better person because of this course, and I think its impact will be extremely beneficial to my future students. Before I discuss how I plan to conduct my own culturally inclusive classroom I feel that there is an important initial step that I as a future educator, and all educators need to take. Through all of our discussions and assigned readings I learned that there are a multitude of different variables involved in creating a cultural classroom and that it is rather easy to get sidetracked or bogged down in subject matter. However, one of the most important aspects I took away from all the readings, and one that I am sure many of us overlook, is the need for self reflection and evaluation, especially in the area concerning our own personal prejudices and beliefs. It is impossible to expect cultural understanding and respect from our students, if we as teachers and role models allow our own limitations are constantly undermining the process ( that whole â€Å"do as I say not as I do† philosophy will not cut it in the classroom). Teachers should mediate cross-cultural adaptations and they can do this only when they come out of their own cultural shell and alter their perception of others. As an educator this key step must first occur before I can even begin to think about creating a culturally inclusive classroom experience. Respecting and Valuing Diversity Throughout my teaching career I hope to instill in my students a sense of appreciation, understanding, and respect for different cultures and backgrounds. I want them to realize that each of them is uniquely different, yet surprisingly similar at the same time. As an educator I want everyone of my students to leave my class feeling a sense of pride for who they are and where they come from, no one should ever be ashamed of their background. However, to aid my students in this I will first need to know more about them, their parents, and their background. When the school year began one of the first things I would have my students do would be to share a little about themselves with the rest of the class. This would be a great way for not only myself to get to know them, but their peers as well. However, it is only fair that I extend the same courtesy to them as well. I would give them a little insight into my own culture and background, as well as some basic information. I would even allow them to ask me several questions pertaining to myself, as long as they do not cross any ethical threshold. So as to build my understanding and knowledge about my students and their background I would give them several forms and information sheets to take home along with their syllabus. One form would be a more form with more detailed questions about themselves, their parents, their concerns, and what they feel is their learning style. The other form will actually be a letter from me to their parents highlighting who I am, my experience, what I am expecting from their child, and how they may get in contact with me. You read "Implementing Diversity in the Classroom" in category "Papers" Attached to this letter will be a form asking the parent or guardian to please set up a time to meet with me personally so we can formally meet and so they can discuss any concerns, issues, or anything else they think I should know. Creating an atmosphere of tolerance, acceptance, and caring would involve the whole class. When cultural differences cause problems it should be addressed as a group. The children need to be aware that it is okay to be different from others. By bringing the differences out in the open, it will open the minds of those students not yet exposed to cultural ifferences. I am a strong believer in a cooperative and open classroom, and I think students benefit form an education that they themselves are actively constructing and participating in. I think opening up a discussion on the first day of class and asking them what topics they wish to learn on top of the set curriculum would be extremely beneficial. Physical Arrangement of Classroom In terms of the overal l look and arrangement of the classroom, I am not particularly set. I believe that the room should be decorated in such a way that it reflects the various cultures of the students . I also believe that it needs to be aesthetically pleasing. This is one of the areas where I feel the students should have some say. While as a history teacher I will need to have maps, and important historical dates and people displayed throughout the classroom, I think allowing the students to choose aspects of their own culture that they wish to have on display would not only help in presenting an open classroom, but would help expose students to different cultures. I know that most classrooms are decorated to reflect the different holidays. However, since some of my students might not celebrate the same holidays, I would opt to set up a â€Å"holidays of the world corner. † Here several different holidays would be depicted, and I would ask to have a student explain the origin and traditions of the holiday, that way all of the class could celebrate. As far as the seating arrangement went, it would vary depending on the lesson. For lecture, media viewing, and exams I would prefer to have a traditional row set up or table setup. However, I strongly believe in group discussion, and I think it is a great way for students to think critically about what they have learned. For these â€Å"round-houses† I would organize the desks in a circular patters. Rosenfield, Lambert, Black (1985) in their research state that â€Å"circles and squares indicate an open, sharing classroom. Students must face one another and cannot hide. Thus ensuring that their input will be heard† (103). However, their will be assigned seating, and when the time comes, assigned groups. Controlling who they sit with will broaden their exposure to different cultures. Additionally, I would utilize the jigsaw cooperative learning style within my classroom. According to Brown and Kysilka (2002) â€Å"students need regular and positive experiences with as many types of diversity as possible. Such experiences, with the guidance of the teacher, will help them to develop the lifelong skills needed to be a proactive citizen in the global society† (p. 17). This method would allow for the greatest exchange of ideas and respect the value of diversity within our classroom. Communication Communication is extremely important when it comes to learning, respecting and valuing cultural diversity. I want my students to know and realize that I fully intend for their parents to be able to participate in their learning experience. Throughout the semester I will provide parents with various newsletters and emails concerning upcoming events, the child’s progress, and how they can be involved. I will also allow both parents and students to set up any individual meetings if they so wish. I also want them to realize that I do care and want to know more about them, and I want them to feel as though they have some input into how the class is ran and organized. Powell and Caseau (2004) argue that in order for students to be successful they need to â€Å"feel that someone cares whether or not they succeed†. Furthermore Teachers need to â€Å"encourage all students to perform to their potential regardless of their culture† (65). However, Communication is not only what is spoken, it is also what is implied with nonverbal communication. I need to be fully aware that different cultures view forms of nonverbal communication such as eye contact, touching, facial gestures, and hand gestures differently. Curriculum One of the great joys of teaching history is that it allows for in-depth discussion and study of several different cultures and people throughout different period of time. Since my subject area is history and while I will be required to spend a great deal of time discussing the classical histories, such as Greece, Rome, England, and such, I would like to supplement my lesson plans with discussions on what other civilizations and cultures were experiencing at the same time, what advances were occurring, and how other cultures directly affected the birth of our own. To allow the students to further their own understanding about different cultures and provide for multicultural study I would like to have my students research a different civilization or culture and report on what was transpiring within their community at a pre chosen time. This will allow students to understand that other cultures and civilizations were still advancing and thriving during the emergence of our own. History is all connected. I also fully intend to introduce the oral history project that I created during this course. This will give students a first hand look at different cultures and will give them a chance to confront their own prejudices. Hopefully this assignment will aid in crumbling the stereotypes these students have concerning other groups, and will allow them to grow personally. Another key to developing a working classroom environment is to understand that a teacher needs to know what it is that they are trying to convey to their students (what they want to teach) and, and how they want to that (how they will teach). Since the times and the technology are advancing teachers need to constantly â€Å"update† their lessons, how they approach the lesson, and even what they know about the material. According to Morrison (2006) becoming an educator literally means becoming â€Å"a life long learner. In theory, the what you want to teach aspect is pretty straightforward, it is the how you teach it that is a little more complicated† ( 143). Not every child learns the same way as everybody. I believe that I need to be conscious of this and develop lessons and activities that present the same information, just in different ways. Instead of using the traditional lecture and note taking method, maybe I should use maps, charts, power point, video, audio, and hands on activities to ensure that each learning style is being addressed. This will ensure that none of my students are left behind. Assessment Assessment is a huge issue in today’s schools. While I agree that teachers need away to determine what level of understanding a student is at, and whether they have retained the information, I feel that there are several different ways to go about assessing. One of the major ways is through exams. While traditional multiple choice and true/false measure retention, I feel that short answer and essay exams help determine what concepts the student actually grasps, and shows different levels of critical and abstract thinking. Thinking (Boud Feletti, 1997). I am also a fan of oral assessment. This is where I call upon a student in class to answer several questions pertaining to the current topic and I evaluate their response. This does not mean that I am always looking for the right answer, or what I perceive to be the right answer. If the student can fluently present their argument and use exerts from the reading or past discussions to support their claim then it must be taken into consideration and it also proves they are fully involved and is advancing. However, I will of course have to explain to my students that the standardized tests are looking for specific answers, and that they will be expected to know the â€Å"traditional† answers for this purpose. Another means of assessment is derived from the culturally inclusive lesson plan I created for this course. This major project, and others like it, are great ways of determining where your students are developmentally and grade level wise. Group projects and other team assignments are also forms of assessment. It is imperative that I utilize various means of assessment to ensure that the different learning styles of my students are addressed, and to ensure that I am not putting one group of students at a greater disadvantage/advantage over another. Conclusion While I am by no means fully prepared to or sure how to make a diversity enriched classroom environment, I do believe that I am on the right path. I know that I want my students to feel safe and secure in my classroom , and feel as though they can express who they really are. I do not want them to feel as though I do not appreciate or care about their culture, and I want them to know that they can speak openly with me with any problems or concerns they have. Lastly, I believe that one of the most important elements of my â€Å"working philosophy† involves simply loving what you do, and having fun while doing it. Approach each day with excitement and energy, this will make the day more enjoyable, and provide for a more welcoming environment. Students will enjoy being in your class and that will be reflected in their work. If you come to school with that excitement it is bound to rub off on someone, and the passion you bring to your subject matter will inspire your students to find the same love for it. References Boud, David Feletti, Grahame. (1997). The Challenge of problem based learning (2nd Ed. ). London, England: Kogan Page limited. Brown, S. C. Kysilka, M. L. (2002). Applying multicultural and global concepts in the classroom and beyond. Boston, MA: Pearson. Morrison, G. S. (2006). Teaching in America (4th ed). Boston MA: Allyn Bacon. Powell, Robert G. Caseau, Dana. (2004). Classroom Communication and Diversity: Enhancing Instructional Practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , Publisher. Rosenfield, Peter, Lambert, Nadine, Black, Allen. (1985). Desk Arrangement effects on pupil classroom behavior. Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(1), 101-108. How to cite Implementing Diversity in the Classroom, Papers

Marketing Communications Industrial Marketing Management

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Communicationsfor Industrial Marketing Management. Answer: My role in the group was based on researching the brand that we were assigned to it. Adnams Southwold was our company of research. For effective communication of our brand to our listeners, I ensured that I had a logo, website information, and promotional materials (Wang and Montaguti, 2002). Additionally, I had to consider I have in mind several factors that could guarantee that our branding emerged the best in the presentation. I made sure that our branding was of quality. Since I am a marketing student, I did more research and reading before I come up with the company and presentation branding. My research included the best factors that could help me have a good branding. A sample of well-done previous branding exercises also helped me to have the best outcome. I used books, articles and scholar journals that offered me with more knowledge based on branding. I also used the research that on lecturer had given us on branding; what is it and best to go about a branding task. It is through this research process that I realized the importance of how to present our branding presentation to fit the requirements of the assignments and that of our viewers. I also recalled the statement of our lecturer telling us the importance of research for the need of better and quality result in every assignment we could do throughout the semester. With the research, I expanded my knowledge and discoveries based on new ideas of branding. I also came through the research surveys on branding and realized the gaps that exist about branding. I noted the deficiencies and implemented them while I was branding the assignment. When I was doing the emotional selling proposition, I had to consider what exactly could improve the selling of the products and services that will bring up a better marketing strategy. I had to understand that the sales potential of the company was based on their interests and what they desire; rather it is connected to the brain setup and what the customers hear concerning the products (Phelps, 2011). I was then able to come up with the best marketing communications that are viable for the company and could improve the quantity of goods and services for selling. I realized that Adnams Southwold did not have best strategies of emotional selling proposition. Therefore, I ensured that the emotional selling proposition was able to promote the process of selling and customers buying from their heart. The community has a greater probability of influencing and affecting the rates of sales in every company. However, Adnams Southwold was not exceptional in this their selling capacity depended on and experienced several barriers that could not allow them to realize the best emotional selling proposition. Furthermore, the number of their female customers out ways their male clients. To have the best results I had to think beyond the reasonable proposition, which could rather affect the results of my emotional selling proposition results. Through the process of working on emotional selling proposition, I realized that limbic system; a part of the brain could govern the emotional part of the customers hence affecting their purchasing value. Finally, I found out that most of the companies pay more attention to dealing with emotional selling proposition to enable them to get the best approaches and procedures of marketing their products to the customers (The strategic role of marketing: Un derstanding why marketing should be central to your business strategy, 1996). For me to design a suitable print of the television advisement for the brand that we were dealing with, I had to consider some factors that lead to better print and advertisement. I had to take and keep my message in mind about my overall results. Having a clear mind of the messages, I had enabled me to have an imperative mind when I was making the print advertisement designs. It allowed me to come up with effective types of print and advert designs. Additionally, I considered using a more updated logo that was appealing to the viewers of the presentation. My choice for the logo enables me to reach the suitable and relevant audience. I consulted the use of the logo in my presentation from various professional in graphic designs to improve print productions. A proper logo use is directly proportional to the choice of colors (Taghian, 2010). Therefore, I had to take my time to select the right color scheme to improve the level of awareness towards the company. Furthermore, I also had to consider my choice for the size of the print advertising designs. To achieve this, I also consulted with the graphic design professionals who guided me on who to carry out the activity. My choice of typography for the logo was based on the viewers and the target audiences (Jain and Punj, 2009). It was essential to choose the best topography that could well fit the desires of the viewers. I decided to use graphics as compared to photos in my advertising design. The design enabled me to achieve the fun and entertainment sector of the presentation. With the utilization of the best measures, I ended up with a print and TV advert that was entertaining to our viewers (Buttle, 2012). Presenting the Emotional Selling Proposition of the brand was my last activity. During my presentation, I had to apply several communication skills to ensure that the viewers were able to understand the intentions of the presentation. I understood that my ability to communicate effectively would offer meme the best process of conveying and receiving messages (Jain and Punj, 2013). I ensured that during my presentation I maintained eye contact with my viewers. Eye contacted granted me the level of confidence that I desired to deliver the information. However, I had to practice before ensuring that in incorporates several communication skills in my presentation. Prior practice enabled me to have much knowledge concerning Emotional Selling Proposition. Moreover, I decided to use the non-verbal communication skills to illustrate the information such as gestures as well as body language. There are the best means of communication to ensure proper delivery of the information involved (Dobni , Dobni, and Luffman, 2001). I also made sure that was audible so that my viewers could not have difficulties in listening to what I had to present. In so doing, I was clear to all the people I was presenting to including my lecture. My presentation earned my group lots of marks. However, we also took our private time to submit the whole document with my team members to ensure that every individual understood the information in the presentation. We were, therefore, able to answer all the questions that arose from our briefing. Training ad practice improves the rate of our success in dealing with the presentation assignment. References Phelps, E. (2011). Marketing planning strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 10(4), pp.307-309. The strategic role of marketing: Understanding why marketing should be central to your business strategy. (1996). Long Range Planning, 29(3), p.432. Taghian, M. (2010). Marketing planning: Operationalizing the market orientation strategy. Journal of Marketing Management, 26(9-10), pp.825-841. Buttle, F. (2012). The marketing strategy worksheetA practical planning tool. Long Range Planning, 18(4), pp.80-88. Dobni, B., Dobni, D. and Luffman, G. (2001). Behavioral approaches to marketing strategy implementation. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 19(6), pp.400-408. Jain, S. and Punj, G. (2013). Developing Marketing Strategy: A Framework. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 5(1), pp.34-39. Jain, S. and Punj, G. (2009). Developing Marketing Strategy: A Framework. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 5(1), pp.34-39. Wang, Q. and Montaguti, E. (2002). The RD?marketing interface and new product entry strategy. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 20(2), pp.82-85.